History of boko haram insurgency in nigeria pdf

Since 2009, nigeria has been experiencing a deadly insurgency led by boko haram bh, after the extrajudicial killing of its leader muhammad yusuf by the police. Nigerias history of poor governance and extreme poverty in the north. Boko haram, officially known as jamaat ahl assunnah liddawah waljihad arabic. Those affected cut across ethnic and religious divides, including an unspecified number of igbos. Final year research project topics, ideas and materials in pdf, doc download for free.

The impact of the boko haram insurgency in northeast. The paper also considers the effectiveness of the steps taken by the nigerian government to secure childrens right to education in line with its obligations under international law, in the context of the insurgency. Interrogating the emergence of boko haram in nigeria this section gives a brief history of the emergence of boko haram sect in nigeria, examines the reasons that led to the emergence of the sect and gives a chronology of major boko haram attacks in the country. The group has been known for its brutality, and since the current insurgency started in 2009, boko haram has killed tens of thousands of people, displaced 2. Psychological consequences of the boko haram insurgency for. Nigerian state, national security, insurgency, boko haram. Pdf over the past five years, a wide ambit of narratives has been proffered on the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria, particularly, its causes. This study examined the counselling implications of boko haram terrorism and insurgency in institutions of learning in nigeria. Boko haram is a radical islamist movement shaped by its nigerian context and reflecting.

The return to democracy in nigeria in may, 1999 brought hopes of development and political stability to nigeria. Also, the insurgencies of boko haram in nigeria have exposed the security lapses in nigeria because of attacks that has been done on some unexpected places like police headquarter in abuja, abuja united nation office among others. The current history of nigeria is a combustible mix of violent extremism and thriving homegrown insurgencies. Timeline of boko haram insurgency in nigeria from 2009 till. The boko haram first siege in kano in systematic, coordinated attacks on the security personnel and government institutions on january 20 2012, leftover 250 people dead and colossal amounts of property destroyed. Pdf boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of. Boko haram is a regional insurgent group composed largely o. The conflict takes place within the context of longstanding issues of religious violence between nigeria s muslim and christian communities, and the insurgents ultimate aim is to establish an islamic. Since 2002, the militant group boko haram has embarked on a violent insurgent campaign in northeastern nigeria.

Along the way, the paper considers the social dynamics of poverty and relative deprivation in northern especially northeastern nigeria as important proximate factors fanning the flames of boko haram s violent campaign. Porous borders and boko harams arms smuggling operations. History of the topic boko haram has been the largest catalyst of insurgency and internal strife in western africa for the greater part of the last decade. Terrorism according to lodge is an illegitimate means of attempting to effect political change by the indiscriminate use of violence lodge 1988. Boko haram, islamic sectarian movement founded in 2002 in northeastern nigeria. Kano, insurgency, igbo, experience, boko haram, northern, nigeria abstract the boko haram first siege in kano in systematic, coordinated attacks on the security personnel and government institutions on january 20 2012, leftover 250 people dead and colossal amounts of property destroyed. The impact of the boko haram insurgency in northeast nigeria. The history of boko haram cannot be disentangled from the immense political change nigeria underwent during the 1999 transition to democracy. Boko haram, a violent islamist insurgent group originally based in northeast nigeria, continues to wage a deadly campaign in nigeria and neighboring countries in the lake chad basin region.

Since 2009 the violence the group has unleashed on the nigerian state is unprecedented in the history of insurgency in the country. Impact of the boko haram insurgency on the childs right to. Major research paper the boko haram insurgency driving. Interrogating the emergence of boko haram in nigeria this section gives a brief history of the emergence of boko haram sect in nigeria, examines the reasons that led to the emergence of the sect and gives a chronology of major. Boko haram in order to understand how the boko haram insurgency threatens security, it is pertinent to provide a background of its evolution. The movement is unique in that it combines a sectarian, radical islamic agenda with violence. Boko haram emerged in maiduguri and not in kano or sokoto, or in any of the other numerous nigerian and sahelian cities where one can find poverty, corruption, and radical preachers. The group went on to intensify their insurgency, launching many attacks in nigeria, mostly in the north of the country. Boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of poverty and political. Founded by mohammed yusuf in 2002, the group has been led by abubakar shekau since 2009. After decades of vacillating between periods of military rule and democracy, punctuated by coups, the nigerian fourth republic began as general abdusalami abubakar peacefully handed over power to olusegun obasanjo after democratic elections.

Only by closely examining boko haram s history in northeast ern nigeria does it become possible to identify critical junc tures in the movements trajectory. More of the boko haram insurgency will be discussed with events and date in the next chapter. Combating violentextremism and insurgency in nigeria. Methods using two demographic and health surveys from before and after the boko haram insurgency started, a doubledifference. A second set of explanations focus on the religious aspect of the boko haram insurgency. A common account of the groups origin traces it back to 2002, when mohammed yusuf, a charismatic preacher, became its leader. Boko haram boko haram which translates loosely as western education is forbidden in hausa was created in 2002 by the nowdeceased islamist cleric, mohammed yusuf, though forms of it have existed under a variety of names since the late 1990s. Addressing the boko haram insurgency in northern nigeria requires policymakers to look beyond western security templates of islamic terrorism to grasp the underlying causes of what is primarily a. Boko haram insurgency and the counterterrorism policy in. Islamic state of iraq and the levant islamic extremist terrorist group controlling territory in iraq and syria, with limited control and power in libya.

A state departmentdesignated foreign terrorist organization since november 20, the group. It has been asserted that boko haram has used more young people and women to carry out suicide bombings, because of the global exposure it garners for them. The most recent extremist group in nigeria, boko haram, continues to grow, committing various extremist acts, such as sporadic suicide bombings and killing of innocent citizens and foreigners within the country. The last decade in nigeria has experienced an increase in violent conflicts and criminality, which tended to undermine those expectations.

After years of tension and a series of minor incidents, things finally exploded in july 2009 when a prominent member of boko haram died, and a large number of them were on the way to bury him. Boko haram draws, among other things, upon historical references to the islamic empire of dan. How boko haram became an islamic state franchise iswaps rapid rise defying joint military operations by the lake chad countries nigeria, niger, chad and cameroon that spanned their border regions is still poorly understood, as is the extent of its ties with isis. Impact of the boko haram insurgency on the childs right. Mar 27, 2014 boko haram is considered a threat to not only nigeria but also the entire world. Pdf it is almost three years ago that a group of northern nigerian militants that. The insurgent group clearly opposed the nigerian government and western influence in the northern part of nigeria as it sought to introduce sharia law. Boko haram metamorphosed from a local insurgency to a highly sophisticated fighting force capable of challenging the nigerian military, which says a great. Porous borders and boko harams arms smuggling operations in.

Dec 02, 2019 boko haram analyzes the activities and atrocities of nigeria s jihadi terrorist group, boko haram, in the context of global religious fundamentalism and extremism. Stabilizing northeast nigeria after boko haram carnegie. The boko haram fundamentalist islamic group is the first insurgent organization in nigeria to be classified as a terrorist organization by the united states of america and its allies. The objectives that boko haram seeks to achieve include. Also confrontations that have occur between boko haram and security forces during the cause of which serious casualty were recorded even among the security agencies and have also exposed nigeria security lapses to the extent of exposing that nigeria police are only. The evolution of boko haram the beginnings of the insurgent activities of boko haram often translated as western education is. The book traces the early beginnings of the religious sect, the conversion of its leader to radical islam in 2002, and the groups campaign of violence beginning in 2009 and continuing to the present. Jan 24, 2018 background this research examines the relationship between violent conflict and childhood wasting in northeast nigeria, where residents have been subjected to fighting between the nigerian government and boko haram an extremist islamist movement since 2009. The violent rise and resilience of the jihadist group boko haram in the lake chad basin since 2009 poses enormous security, humanitarian and governance challenges.

Jan 25, 2018 below is the most comprehensive history of boko haram insurgency in nigeria starting from the first attack in 2009 till date. Pdf boko haram insurgency in nigeria as a symptom of poverty. Since 2009 the violence the group has unleashed on the nigerian state is unprecedented in the history of insurgency. Introduction the insurgency launched in 2009 by boko haram, a radical revivalist islamist movement established earlier in bo rno state, in nigeri a s north east and adjacent to lake chad, is now regional, affecting the border areas of chad, niger and cameroon.

Islamiyya, or islamic state, in northeastern nigeria. Like most insurgent groups, the boko haram sect resorted to the. Since 2009 the group has carried out largescale acts of violence. From local grievances to violent insurgency, diis report, no. As one of the few organisations with fieldbased expertise in the greater sahel and on all four countries caught up in the insurgency. The conflict takes place within the context of longstanding issues of religious violence between nigeria s muslim and christian communities, and the insurgents ultimate aim is to establish an islamic state in the region. Security considerations and the rise of an insurgency. The boko haram group was led by mohammed yusuf until he was killed by nigerian security forces just after the sectarian violence in nigeria in july 2009, which caused over 1,000 deaths, now the present leader is abuba. Insurgent attacks in heavily igbo populated area in sabongari strangers quarters. Finally, we assert that strong economies make for strong borders. Insurgency and national security challenges in nigeria.

This is against the backdrop of the rising spate of violent attacks. Boko haram is strappingly against what it sees as a westernbased incursion that threatens traditional values, beliefs, and customs among muslim communities in northern nigeria. Federal university lafia, nigeria abstract this paper explores the humanitarian impact of terrorism in nigeria from the standpoint of boko haram insurgency. Terrorist organization, freedom fighters or religious fanatics. The insurgency launched in 2009 by boko haram, a radical revivalist islamist move ment established earlier in bo rno state, in nigeri as north east and adjacent to lake chad, is now regional, affecting the border areas of chad, niger and cameroon.

The paper xrays the boko haram insurgency, its historical origin, and attacks since inception and the effects of such attacks in nigeria. The history of boko haram boko haram s origins lie in a group of radical islamist youth who worshipped at the alhaji muhammadu ndimi mosque in maiduguri a decade ago. The boko haram insurgency started in 2002 as a domestic islamic religious group in maiduguri, borno state, in northern nigeria. Timeline of boko haram insurgency in nigeria from 2009. This means that maos theory of revolutionary war can be applied to the boko haram crisis in nigeria in order to find more effective methods than have been used so far by the government of nigeria to fight boko haram. The groups goal is to expel the prevailing political establishment, remove all western influences, and eventually overthrow the national government and establish an. Even before the boko haram insurgency, northeastern nigeria had the lowest. Boko haram and the islamic states west africa province. In 2002, an offshoot of this youth group not yet known as boko haram declared the city and the islamic establishment to be intolerably corrupt and irredeemable. Boko haram aspires to create an islamic state in nigeria, and is willing to kill. A heavyhanded or solely military response will not bring peace and may be counterproductive. The groups goal is to expel the prevailing political establishment, remove all western influences, and eventually overthrow the national government and establish an islamic state in its place.

These studies understand boko haram as a natural consequence of northern nigeria s history of radical militant islam dating back to sheikh uthman dan fodios jihad and the creation of. Violent insurgency in nigeria with focus on boko haram grin. Boko haram is a branch of the islamic state of iraq and the levant. Boko haram is a jihadist terrorist organization based in northeastern nigeria that is also active in chad, niger, and northern cameroon. Nigeria has a long history of religious conflicts, and some of the most. The boko haram insurgency began in 2009, when the jihadist group boko haram started an armed rebellion against the government of nigeria. Recent confrontations between state security forces and insurgents or terrorists in countries. The evolution of boko haram the beginnings of the insurgent activities of boko haram often translated as western education is forbidden or, using its arabic. Lessons from colombia for curtailing the boko haram. These studies understand boko haram as a natural consequence of northern nigeria s history of radical militant islam dating back to sheikh uthman dan fodios jihad and the creation of the sokoto caliphate in the early 19th century. Finally, the likelihood of a peace process between the militia and the nigerian central government is considered. Boko haram has contributed to regional food crises and famines. Read about nigerias ongoing battle with insurgent group boko haram and keep track of the latest developments using the global conflict tracker from the. Boko haram had evolved from the remnants of a radical sect to a fullyfledged terrorist group and immediately began to wage the bloody insurgency which, up until today, has claimed the lives of thousands of civilians and displaced millions.